Peritoneal EndometriosisThe superficial lesions may be the classical blue-black "powder burn", or the non-classical clear or red "flame-like" lesions, the white lesions, or the "Allen-Masters" peritoneal window/defect. |
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Ovarian Endometriosis (Endometrioma)Appear as variable size pseudo-cysts. They contain a dense, brown chocholate-like fluid, formed by invagination of the endometriosis on the ovarian surface. |
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Deep Infiltrating EndometriosisA nodular blend of fibromuscular tissue and adenomyosis. The lesions are primarily found in the uterosacral ligaments or the cul-de-sac. It may involved the recto-vaginal septum. |
We do not know what causes endometriosis. Endometriosis mainly occur in women during the reproductive age. With the onset of natural menopause, or when the ovaries were removed for various reasons, the endometriosis phenomenon regresses. Years of research have suggested that formation of endometriosis is guided by genetic, hormonal, immunological and anatomical factors. Of the three hypotheses regarding what initiates endometriosis development, the most plausible is the back flow of the menstrual content into the pelvis through the tubes. In the predisposed women, this phenomenon will trigger the ectopic growth of endometrial islands. The genetics of vulnerability has yet to be defined. The cyclical changes in the endometrial islands release chemicals that cause pain, and create a hostile micro-environment that provokes the body’s defense response to contain it. The response causes adhesions and scarringas over time, which can in turn lead up to chronic pain. Most women with endometriosis initially have problems with pain at the time of the periods. After many months and years, scar tissues form at the sites affected; and if the ovary is affected, ovarian “chocolate” cysts will arise. At this advance stage of the disease, the pain will be felt throughout the menstrual cycle, often described as a chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Many women present with inability to conceived, which can occur in both "mild" to severe spectrum of the condition.
More number of children Longer period of breast feeding Tobaccon exposure in uteru Increased Body Mass Index Cigarette smoking Exercise Diet high in vegetables/fruits |
Difficulty in getting pregnant Early age of starting menstruation Shorter menstrual cycle Periods that have heavy flow Family history of a first degree relative having endometriosis Exposure to DIOXIN or PCB (toxins) High intake of alcohol and caffeine Having other auto-immune disorders |
Young Girls |
Painful periods Irregular periods Prolong heavy periods Lower abdominal pain (non-cyclical) |
Adult Women |
Painful periods Irregular periods Prolong heavy periods Lower abdominal pain (non-cyclical) Deep pain during intercourse |
Intestinal Endometriosis |
Diarrhea or constipation Perimenstrual changes in bowel habits Rectal bleeding Pain with defecation>br> tenesmus, abdominal distension Small caliber stools or colicky abdominal pain Symptoms of a bowel obstruction. |
Urinary Tract Endometriosis |
Urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence
Lower abdominal pain Blood inthe urine Recurrent UTI (86%) Flank or back pain Lump at the kidney site |
Thoracic Endometriosis |
Chest pain Shortness of breath |
Endometriosis presents with multi-variate complaints. It could be a disease with a wide spectrum of symptom severity. On the other hand, endometriosis could have two unique sub-types; namely a mild form and an aggressive form.
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